Types of Okayu (Japanese Rice Porridge): From Zengayu to Gobugayu, Nanabugayu, Sanbugayu and Juyu – Differences, Features, and How to Make Them [Okayu Types]



What Are the Types of Okayu? [Okayu Types]

In Japan, “okayu” (rice porridge) actually comes in several stages. It is mainly classified by the ratio of rice to water: the most common types are
zengayu (whole porridge), nanabugayu (70% porridge), gobugayu (50% porridge),
sanbugayu (30% porridge), and juyu (rice water only). Each has a different softness and water content, so you can choose depending on your condition or who you’re serving. This article explains each type in detail, with recipes and health benefits.

Differences Between Zengayu, Nanabugayu, Gobugayu, Sanbugayu, and Juyu

Zengayu (whole porridge) is the most standard style, typically using 1 part rice to 5 parts water. Nanabugayu has slightly more water (about 1:7), gobugayu is softer (about 1:10), sanbugayu is almost completely broken down (even thinner), and juyu is the liquid portion left on top. In hospitals and nursing care facilities, these stages are used to match a patient’s digestive ability and nutritional needs.

How to Make Okayu – Basic Recipes

There are two main ways to cook okayu: “takigayu” (from raw rice) and “iregayu” (from cooked rice).
You can prepare it in a rice cooker, earthenware pot, or microwave. For zengayu, the standard ratio is 1 part rice to 5 parts water;
for nanabugayu, add more water (around 1:7); for gobugayu, 1:10 is typical.
Adjusting the water ratio allows you to create the texture you want easily at home.

Health Benefits of Okayu

Okayu is easy to digest and is no longer just for when you’re sick — it’s also great for everyday health management.
It’s low in calories and helps with hydration, making it ideal for dieting or reducing stress on the digestive system.
Add vegetables or protein to balance nutrition. Zengayu, in particular, lets you fully enjoy the sweetness and umami of rice, making it a recommended daily dish.

Recommended Variations and Popular Toppings

Adding eggs, pickled plums, vegetable sauces, or chicken makes okayu perfect for busy mornings or late-night meals.
Chinese-style okayu, Western-style risotto-style okayu, or Korean-style porridge offer endless variety.
Ready-made okayu products from brands like Zojirushi or Nishikiya also make it easy.
Experiment with your favorite ingredients and create your own signature okayu.

Conclusion – Know the Types of Okayu and Use Them in Daily Meals

Okayu has moved beyond being “only for when you’re sick” to a staple of health-conscious eaters.
By understanding the stages — zengayu, nanabugayu, gobugayu, sanbugayu, and juyu — you can choose a gentle meal that matches your or your family’s condition.
With digestion, nutrition, and hydration all in one dish, okayu is a simple and nourishing addition to your daily menu.